态势感知

Situational awareness or situation awareness (SA) is the perception of environmental elements and events with respect to time or space, the comprehension of their meaning, and the projection of their status after some variable has changed, such as time, or some other variable, such as a predetermined event. It is also a field of study concerned with understanding of the environment critical to decision-makers in complex, dynamic areas from aviation, air traffic control, ship navigation, power plant operations, military command and control, and emergency services such as fire fighting and policing; to more ordinary but nevertheless complex tasks such as driving an automobile or riding a bicycle.

1.1 态势感知

态势： 系统中各个对象状态的综合。

• 原始数据 -> 信息 -> 知识 -> 理解 -> 状态评估（当前、未来）

态势感知： 在一定的时间和空间范围内，提取系统中的要素，并理解这些要素的含义，预测其可能的效果。其中包含三个层面：

• 态势察觉 Situation perception
• 态势理解 Situation Comprehension
• 态势投射 Situation Projection

（详见后文）

OODA环：包括观察（Observe）、导向（Orient）、决策（Decision）、行动（Act）四个阶段